Journal of Movement Disorders

Brief communication

Evaluating the validity and reliability of the Korean version of Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease–Cognition: Jinse Park, Eung Seok Oh, Seong-Beom Koh, In-Uk Song, Tae-Beom Ahn, Sang Jin Kim, Sang-Myung Cheon, Yun Joong Kim, Jin Whan Cho, Hyeo-Il Ma, Mee-Young Park, Jong Sam Baik, Phil Hyu Lee, Sun Ju Chung, Jong-Min Kim, Han-Joon Kim, Young-Hee Sung, Do Young Kwon, Jae-Hyeok Lee, Jee-Young Lee, Ji Sun Kim, Ji Young Yun, Hee Jin Kim, Jin Young Hong, Mi-Jung Kim, Jinyoung Youn, Ji Seon Kim, Hui-Jun Yang, Won Tae Yoon, Sooyeoun You, Kyum-Yil Kwon, Su-Yun Lee, Younsoo Kim, Hee-Tae Kim, Joong-Seok Kim, Ji-Young Kim; Received March 8, 2024 Accepted April 2, 2024 Published online April 3, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.24061 [Accepted]

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Abstract PDF: Objective
The Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease–Cognition (SCOPA-Cog) was developed to screen for cognition in PD. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the SCOPA-cog.
Methods
We recruited 129 PD patients from 31 clinics with movement disorders in South Korea. The original version of the SCOPA-cognition was translated into Korean using the translation-retranslation method. The test-rest method with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were used to assess reliability. The Spearman’s Rank correlation analysis with Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Korean version (MOCA-K) and Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) were used to assess concurrent validity.
Results
The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.797, and the ICC was 0.887. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed a significant correlation with the K-MMSE and MOCA-K scores (r = 0.546 and r = 0.683, respectively).
Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that K-SCOPA-Cog exhibits good reliability and validity.

Original Article

Trends in Physiotherapy Interventions and Medical Costs for Parkinson’s Disease in South Korea, 2011–2020: Dong-Woo Ryu, Jinse Park, Myung Jun Lee, Dallah Yoo, Sang-Myung Cheon; Received December 22, 2023 Accepted March 18, 2024 Published online March 19, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.23269 [Accepted]

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Abstract PDF: Objective
Physiotherapy (PT), an effective strategy for managing Parkinson’s disease (PD), can influence healthcare utilization. We analyzed trends in healthcare utilization, PT interventions, and medical costs among patients with PD.
Methods
Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service from 2011 to 2020, we analyzed the number of patients with PD and their healthcare utilization and assessed the odds ratio (OR) for receiving regular PTs.
Results
Over 10 years, 169,613 patients with PD were present. The number of patients with PD increased annually from 49,417 in 2011 to 91,841 in 2020. Patients with PD receiving PT increased from 4,847 (9.81%) in 2011 to 13,163 (14.33%) in 2020, and PT prescriptions increased from 81,220 in 2011 to 377,651 in 2019. Medical costs per patient with PD have increased from 1,686 United States Dollars (USD) in 2011 to 3,201 USD in 2020. Medical expenses for each patient with PD receiving PT increased from 6,581 USD in 2011 to 13,476 USD in 2020. Moreover, Regular PTs were administered to 31,782 patients (18.74%) and conducted only through hospitalization. Those in their 50s with disabilities demonstrated a high OR for regular PTs, while those aged 80 years or older and residing outside Seoul had a low OR.
Conclusions
The PD burden increased in South Korea between 2011 and 2020, including an increase in healthcare utilization and medical costs. The significant rise in medical expenses can be associated with increased PD prevalence and PT interventions. Regular PT applications remain restricted and have barriers to access.

Letter to the editor

Orthostatic Myoclonus as a Presentation of Hashimoto Encephalopathy: Hyunyoung Hwang, Jinse Park, Jeong Ik Eun, Kyong Jin Shin, Jongmok Ha, Jinyoung Youn; J Mov Disord. 2023;16(1):104-106. Published online January 12, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22146

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The use of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy: case based review
Victoriţa Şorodoc, Mihai Constantin, Andreea Asaftei, Cătălina Lionte, Alexandr Ceasovschih, Oana Sîrbu, Raluca Ecaterina Haliga, Laurenţiu Şorodoc
Frontiers in Neurology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Brief communication

Validity and Reliability of the Korean-Translated Version of the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale in Cerebellar Ataxia: Jinse Park, Jin Whan Cho, Jinyoung Youn, Engseok Oh, Wooyoung Jang, Joong-Seok Kim, Yoon-Sang Oh, Hyungyoung Hwang, Chang-Hwan Ryu, Jin-Young Ahn, Jee-Young Lee, Seong-Beom Koh, Jae H. Park, Hee-Tae Kim; J Mov Disord. 2023;16(1):86-90. Published online December 20, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22137

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Objective
The International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) is a semiquantitative clinical scale for ataxia that is widely used in numerous countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Korean-translated version of the ICARS.
Methods
Eighty-eight patients who presented with cerebellar ataxia were enrolled. We investigated the construct validity using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We also investigated the internal consistency using Cronbach’s α and intrarater and interrater reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients.
Results
The Korean-translated ICARS showed satisfactory construct validity using EFA and CFA. It also revealed good interrater and intrarater reliability and showed acceptable internal consistency. However, subscale 4 for assessing oculomotor disorder showed moderate internal consistency.
Conclusion
This is the first report to investigate the validity and reliability of the Korean-translated ICARS. Our results showed excellent construct and convergent validity. The reliability is also acceptable.

Original Article

Validity and Reliability Study of the Korean Tinetti Mobility Test for Parkinson’s Disease: Jinse Park, Seong-Beom Koh, Hee Jin Kim, Eungseok Oh, Joong-Seok Kim, Ji Young Yun, Do-Young Kwon, Younsoo Kim, Ji Seon Kim, Kyum-Yil Kwon, Jeong-Ho Park, Jinyoung Youn, Wooyoung Jang; J Mov Disord. 2018;11(1):24-29. Published online January 23, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.17058

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objective
Postural instability and gait disturbance are the cardinal symptoms associated with falling among patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The Tinetti mobility test (TMT) is a well-established measurement tool used to predict falls among elderly people. However, the TMT has not been established or widely used among PD patients in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the TMT for PD patients.
Methods
Twenty-four patients diagnosed with PD were enrolled in this study. For the interrater reliability test, thirteen clinicians scored the TMT after watching a video clip. We also used the test-retest method to determine intrarater reliability. For concurrent validation, the unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale, Hoehn and Yahr staging, Berg Balance Scale, Timed-Up and Go test, 10-m walk test, and gait analysis by three-dimensional motion capture were also used. We analyzed receiver operating characteristic curve to predict falling.
Results
The interrater reliability and intrarater reliability of the Korean Tinetti balance scale were 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. The interrater reliability and intra-rater reliability of the Korean Tinetti gait scale were 0.94 and 0.96, respectively. The Korean TMT scores were significantly correlated with the other clinical scales and three-dimensional motion capture. The cutoff values for predicting falling were 14 points (balance subscale) and 10 points (gait subscale).
Conclusion
We found that the Korean version of the TMT showed excellent validity and reliability for gait and balance and had high sensitivity and specificity for predicting falls among patients with PD.

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Review Article

Movement Disorders Following Cerebrovascular Lesion in the Basal Ganglia Circuit: Jinse Park; J Mov Disord. 2016;9(2):71-79. Published online May 25, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.16005

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Abstract PDF

Movement disorders are primarily associated with the basal ganglia and the thalamus; therefore, movement disorders are more frequently manifest after stroke compared with neurological injuries associated with other structures of the brain. Overall clinical features, such as types of movement disorder, the time of onset and prognosis, are similar with movement disorders after stroke in other structures. Dystonia and chorea are commonly occurring post-stroke movement disorders in basal ganglia circuit, and these disorders rarely present with tremor. Rarer movement disorders, including tic, restless leg syndrome, and blepharospasm, can also develop following a stroke. Although the precise mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these conditions have not been fully characterized, disruptions in the crosstalk between the inhibitory and excitatory circuits resulting from vascular insult are proposed to be the underlying cause. The GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)ergic and dopaminergic systems play key roles in post-stroke movement disorders. This review summarizes movement disorders induced by basal ganglia and thalamic stroke according to the anatomical regions in which they manifest.

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Letter to the editor

A Patient with Unilateral Periodic Leg Movements Associated with Pontine Infarction: Joon Won Lee, Kyong Jin Shin, Sam Yeol Ha, Jinse Park, Kang Min Park; J Mov Disord. 2015;8(1):37-39. Published online January 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.14017

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Asymmetry of Periodic Leg Movements in Sleep (PLMS) in Parkinson’s Disease
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Acta Neurologica Scandinavica.2018; 137(5): 488. CrossRef
Post-stroke restless leg syndrome and periodic limb movements in sleep
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